The eminent philosopher and social contract theorist during the Enlightenment was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His work significantly influenced political, social, and educational thought in the 18th century and beyond. Rousseau's most notable contributions include "The Social Contract," where he discussed the concept of the general will and the legitimacy of government based on the consent of the governed. His ideas emphasized individual freedom, equality, and the importance of popular sovereignty. Rousseau's philosophies laid the groundwork for modern democratic theories and inspired revolutionary movements, particularly during the French Revolution.