Sir Isaac Newton is renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to the study of gravity, particularly through his formulation of the law of universal gravitation. In his seminal work, "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" (1687), Newton articulated how every mass attracts every other mass in the universe, leading to significant advancements in physics and astronomy. His insights laid the foundation for classical mechanics, enabling a deeper understanding of planetary motion and gravitational forces. Newton's work revolutionized the scientific revolution, establishing the framework through which future scientists, including Einstein, would further explore the nature of gravity and motion.