Mao Zedong played a pivotal role in the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. As the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Mao led the Long March and directed the party's efforts in the Chinese Civil War against the Nationalist government. His vision of communism and land reform resonated with the peasantry, ultimately allowing the CCP to gain widespread support. When victory was achieved, Mao declared the establishment of the People's Republic on October 1, 1949, marking a significant shift in China's political, social, and economic landscape.