Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks during the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. The revolution resulted in the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the establishment of a communist government in Russia. Lenin's leadership and ideology were pivotal in rallying support for the Bolshevik cause, which promised "peace, land, and bread" to a war-weary and disillusioned populace. The October Revolution fundamentally changed the course of Russian history, leading to the formation of the Soviet Union and the eventual rise of a communist regime that lasted until the early 1990s.