Antoine Lavoisier is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Chemistry." He was pivotal in transforming chemistry into a science based on observation and experimentation, rather than alchemical practices. Lavoisier's meticulous work in identifying and naming chemical elements, along with his formulation of the law of conservation of mass, laid the foundations for modern chemical theory. His influential publication, "Elements of Chemistry," introduced systematic nomenclature and emphasized precise measurements, fundamentally changing how chemistry was studied and understood. Tragically, his revolutionary work was cut short when he was executed during the French Revolution in 1794.