Captain James Cook is known for his extensive exploration and mapping of the Pacific Ocean. He embarked on three major voyages between 1768 and 1779, during which he charted numerous islands, including the east coast of Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Cook’s voyages significantly advanced European knowledge of the Pacific region and oceanography, as he meticulously recorded maps and details of the lands he encountered. His expeditions led to increased trade, colonization, and cultural exchanges, but also had severe consequences for indigenous populations. Cook's contributions to navigation and exploration are still recognized today.