The first Roman Senate was formed by Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome, around the 8th century BCE. Initially, the Senate consisted of 100 of Romulus’s most trusted advisors and was intended to provide counsel on matters of governance and military affairs. Over time, the Senate evolved, increasing both in size and influence. It became a pivotal institution in Roman political life, embodying the principles of aristocratic governance and serving as a check on the power of the consuls, who were elected officials responsible for leading the state.