The dramatic changes in post-war Russia were led primarily by Mikhail Gorbachev, who became a pivotal figure in the transition towards reform. His initiatives, particularly glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), aimed to revitalize the Soviet economy and increase transparency in governance. Gorbachev's policies encouraged political discourse and dissent, which inadvertently led to the collapse of the communist regime and the opening of borders. His leadership profoundly influenced the global landscape by promoting new democratic ideals and fostering improved relations with the West, ultimately contributing to the end of the Cold War.