The war fought between the British and the Boers in South Africa is known as the Boer War, which occurred from 1899 to 1902. It primarily involved the British Empire and two Boer republics: the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. The conflict arose from tensions over British imperialism, control of resources, and the status of the Boer settlers. The war was marked by guerrilla tactics used by the Boers and a harsh British counterinsurgency, including concentration camps. The eventual British victory led to the unification of South Africa and set the stage for future racial and political issues in the region.