The two Chinese dynasties responsible for significant technological advancements such as gunpowder and the compass are the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) and the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE). During the Tang Dynasty, innovations such as early forms of gunpowder were developed, which later evolved into more sophisticated weaponry. Meanwhile, the Song Dynasty is credited with refining the compass, which greatly improved navigation and maritime trade. These advancements significantly impacted not just China but also the broader world, influencing military strategies and exploration during the Middle Ages and beyond.