The Bolshevik Revolution, also known as the October Revolution of 1917, culminated in the establishment of a communist government in Russia. Led by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government, which had taken power following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. This revolution was precipitated by widespread discontent due to World War I, economic hardship, and inequities in society. The Bolsheviks' promises of "peace, land, and bread" resonated with a war-weary populace, enabling them to seize power and lay the foundation for the Soviet Union.