The revolution that resulted in the establishment of a communist government in Russia was the Russian Revolution of 1917. This revolution had two major phases: the February Revolution, which led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, and the October Revolution, which saw the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seize power. The Bolsheviks aimed to create a classless society based on the principles of Marxism. The revolution resulted in the withdrawal of Russia from World War I and the establishment of a communist government, fundamentally altering the political landscape of Russia and the world for decades to come.