The political movement that sought to end colonial rule in African nations is known as Pan-Africanism. Emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it aimed to unite African people and those of African descent globally. The movement addressed the injustices of colonialism and promoted the idea of self-determination and independence. Key leaders, such as Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, and Patrice Lumumba, advocated for political independence and the reclamation of cultural identity. Pan-Africanism significantly contributed to the decolonization movements across the continent in the mid-20th century.