The medieval societal structure known as feudalism laid the groundwork for modern European political dynamics. Feudalism created a hierarchical system where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service, while peasants worked the land in return for protection. This structure fostered local governance, as power was decentralized and communities relied on their lords for stability. The reliance on military and land ownership defined social relationships and emerged as a precursor to modern state systems. Over time, the consolidation of power shifted towards centralized monarchies, influencing the evolution of national identities and governance structures in Europe.