The leader who initiated the Cultural Revolution in China was Mao Zedong. Launched in 1966, the movement aimed to reaffirm Mao's ideologies and reassert his control over the Communist Party and the country. Mao sought to eradicate perceived capitalist, traditional, and cultural elements from society, leading to widespread upheaval. This period was characterized by a campaign against intellectuals, a cult of personality around Mao, and significant social and economic disruption. The Cultural Revolution resulted in extensive human suffering, persecution, and a chaotic society. The campaign ultimately failed to achieve its intended goals but left a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society.