King James II of England was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution of 1688. His Catholicism and perceived favoritism toward Catholics in a predominantly Protestant country raised concerns about potential tyranny and the erosion of parliamentary powers. The Revolution was initiated when a group of Protestant nobles invited William of Orange, James II's son-in-law, to invade England. The ensuing conflict led to James's flight to France, effectively ending his reign. The Glorious Revolution resulted in the establishment of constitutional monarchy, with William and Mary ascending to the throne, thus ensuring parliamentary sovereignty and reinforcing the rights of English citizens.