The historical period characterized by feudalism and the manorial system is the Middle Ages, specifically from the 9th to the 15th century in Europe. During this time, the social structure was defined by a hierarchy of lords, vassals, and serfs, with land ownership being central to political and economic power. The manorial system organized rural economies around large estates, where serfs worked the land in exchange for protection and sustenance. This feudal system shaped medieval society, influencing governance, economics, and social relations.