The historical figure known for his expeditions to the Pacific Ocean and Australia in the 18th century is James Cook. A British explorer, navigator, and cartographer, Cook made three significant voyages, greatly expanding European knowledge of the Pacific region. His expeditions included detailed maps of New Zealand and the Australian east coast. Cook's interactions with various indigenous populations opened new pathways for exploration and trade, although his ventures also led to significant cultural disruptions. He is often regarded as one of the greatest navigators in history due to his contributions to maritime exploration.