The historical figure known for the phrase "Give me liberty, or give me death" is Patrick Henry, an American Revolutionary leader. He delivered this famous speech on March 23, 1775, at the Second Virginia Convention, advocating for armed resistance against British rule. Henry argued passionately that the colonies could no longer be passive in the face of British oppression and must fight for their freedom. This rallying cry became emblematic of the spirit of the American Revolution, emphasizing the belief that liberty was worth fighting for, and inspired many to take action for independence.