The historical event represented by the phrase "Dust Bowl" refers to the severe drought and dust storms that affected the central United States during the 1930s. A combination of agricultural practices and climate factors led to soil degradation, causing widespread crop failures and economic hardship. This environmental disaster prompted migration, particularly to California, as many families sought better living conditions. The Dust Bowl profoundly affected American society and agriculture, leading to changes in farming practices and government policies aimed at conservation and sustainability.