The famous wall built to separate East and West Berlin during the Cold War is known as the Berlin Wall. Erected on August 13, 1961, the wall was constructed by East Germany to stop the mass emigration of East Germans to the West, which was seen as a threat to the socialist state. The Berlin Wall became a powerful symbol of the ideological and physical division between the communist East and the democratic West. Its fall on November 9, 1989, represented a significant moment in history, marking the end of the Cold War and paving the way for German reunification in 1990.