The Great Wall of China was built primarily to protect the Chinese empire from invasions, particularly from nomadic tribes from the north. Construction of the wall began as early as the 7th century BC, and various dynasties extended and reinforced it over the centuries. The wall served not just as a military defense mechanism but also facilitated border control, trade regulation, and cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Today, it is recognized as an iconic symbol of China and a UNESCO World Heritage site, representing both the ingenuity and determination of the Chinese people throughout history.