The famous trading empire located in West Africa that became wealthy from gold was the Mali Empire. At its peak in the 14th century, it controlled important trade routes across the Sahara and facilitated the exchange of goods, including gold, ivory, and salt. The empire's wealth was largely built on its lucrative gold mines and the trans-Saharan trade network. Notably, the empire's most famous ruler, Mansa Musa, undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca, showcasing its immense wealth and fostering cultural exchanges. The Mali Empire significantly contributed to the spread of Islam and learning throughout West Africa.