Albert Einstein’s work laid the foundation for modern physics through his revolutionary theories, particularly the theory of relativity. Introduced in the early 20th century, these theories challenged classical mechanics and provided new insights into the nature of space, time, and gravity. His famous equation, E=mc², established a relationship between mass and energy, indicating that energy could be converted into mass and vice versa. Einstein’s contributions extended beyond relativity; he also made significant advancements in quantum mechanics, influencing our understanding of atomic structure and radiation. His legacy fundamentally transformed the landscape of physics.