The famous scientist who formulated the laws of motion and gravitation in the 17th century is Sir Isaac Newton. His work, particularly the formulation of the three laws of motion articulated in "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" published in 1687, established foundational principles of classical mechanics. Newton’s law of universal gravitation explained how objects attract each other with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. His groundbreaking discoveries laid the groundwork for modern physics and significantly influenced scientific thought. Newton's work epitomized the Scientific Revolution, fostering a new understanding of the natural world based on observation and mathematical reasoning.