The famous historical figure known for their assassination in 44 BC is Julius Caesar. A prominent general and statesman, Caesar played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. His death marked a pivotal turning point in Roman history, as he was stabbed to death by a group of Roman senators who feared his growing power and potential dictatorship. This assassination sparked a series of civil wars that ultimately led to the establishment of the Roman Empire under his adopted heir, Octavian.