The famous Egyptian queen known for her liaisons with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony is Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and played a significant role in the political landscape of the late Republic of Rome. Her relationships with these Roman leaders were strategic, aimed at securing her throne and Egypt's independence amid Roman expansion. Cleopatra is often associated with her intelligence, political acumen, and tragic fate, symbolizing both the power and vulnerability of women in history as her reign came to an end with the Roman conquest of Egypt.