The empires involved in the geopolitical struggle for dominance in India during the 17th century were primarily the Mughal Empire and the British East India Company. The Mughal Empire, a dominant power in India known for its vast territory, wealth, and cultural achievements, faced increasing challenges from the British, who were expanding their influence through trade and military action. The Portuguese also held strong positions along the coasts initially. This struggle for control contributed to the eventual establishment of British colonial rule in India, altering the region's political landscape and provoking various social and economic upheavals.