The Roman Empire was notably ruled by emperors such as Augustus and Nero. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, reigned from 27 BC to AD 14 and established a period of relative peace known as the Pax Romana. His reign was characterized by significant social, political, and economic reforms. Nero, who ruled from 54 to 68 AD, is often remembered for his tyrannical rule, artistic pursuits, and the Great Fire of Rome. The impact of these emperors shaped the foundation of Roman governance and culture, influencing subsequent European history significantly through their policies, leadership styles, and legacies.