The empire known for its contributions to art and architecture during the Islamic Golden Age was the Abbasid Caliphate. Flourishing from the 8th to the 13th century, the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad, transforming it into a cultural and intellectual hub. This era witnessed the development of stunning architectural forms, including the Great Mosque of Samarra and various palaces adorned with intricate mosaics and calligraphy. Additionally, advancements in science, mathematics, philosophy, and literature were made during this time, significantly influencing not only the Islamic world but also Europe, particularly during the Renaissance.