The empire that rose to power after the fall of the Ottoman Empire was the Republic of Turkey. Following the end of World War I and the subsequent partitioning of Ottoman territories, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a military officer and revolutionary leader, led a nationalist movement resulting in the establishment of a secular, modern nation-state in 1923. The transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic marked significant reforms in governance, education, women's rights, and Westernization. This period defined Turkey's political, social, and economic landscape, laying the groundwork for its contemporary identity.