The document that declared the independence of the American colonies from British rule is the Declaration of Independence. Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, it outlines the philosophical foundations and grievances justifying the colonies’ break from Britain. The Declaration asserts the right of individuals to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, emphasizing the idea of government as a tool created to protect these rights. Its signing marked a significant moment in American history, serving as a groundbreaking statement for democracy that has inspired various movements for freedom worldwide.