John Locke's influential work, "Two Treatises of Government," played a crucial role in shaping the philosophy behind the U.S. Constitution. Locke's ideas emphasized natural rights—life, liberty, and property—and the belief that government exists to protect these rights. His concept of the social contract posited that government derives its powers from the consent of the governed, allowing citizens the right to overthrow unjust authority. These Enlightenment principles resonated with the Founding Fathers and were reflected in the Declaration of Independence, indicating their commitment to creating a government that respects individual liberties and operates based on democratic principles.