The country that was led by Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution was China. The Cultural Revolution, which lasted from 1966 to 1976, was a socio-political movement initiated by Mao to reinforce communist ideology and eliminate perceived capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Mao aimed to regain control over the Communist Party and mobilize the youth, resulting in widespread chaos, persecution of intellectuals, and destruction of cultural heritage. The movement significantly impacted Chinese society, economy, and governance. After Mao's death in 1976, China underwent a period of reform, moving away from the policies established during the Cultural Revolution.