The country that led the European colonization of Africa during the Scramble for Africa was Britain. This period, occurring in the late 19th century, was characterized by European powers rapidly claiming regions across Africa. British interests in Africa were driven by a desire for resources, markets, and geopolitical dominance. Key territories were acquired through treaties, military conquest, and exploration. Notable examples include the colonization of Egypt, Sudan, and South Africa. Britain's colonial ambitions significantly impacted Africa's political, social, and economic landscapes, with lasting effects on the continent's development and relations with the rest of the world.