The conflict often described as the first "total war" is the American Civil War (1861-1865). This war involving the Union and Confederacy saw total mobilization of society and resources towards the war effort. Civilians were directly affected, as battles were fought on their land, and the economy was heavily influenced by the war. The Union's strategy, particularly in its use of blockades and targeting infrastructure, reflects total war principles. The war not only sought military victories but aimed at deconstructing the Confederate way of life, making the American Civil War a prime example of total war in modern history.