The civilization known for its development of democracy is Ancient Greece, particularly the city-state of Athens. During the 5th century BCE, Athens established a system of direct democracy where citizens had the right to participate directly in decision-making processes, including legislative and judicial matters. This Athenian model allowed for broader political participation among free male citizens, setting the foundation for democratic principles such as equality before the law and civic engagement. Although this democracy was limited in scope—excluding women, slaves, and non-citizens—it provided a crucial early framework for later democratic societies. Ancient Greece's political experiments have profoundly influenced modern democratic thought and systems worldwide.