The civilization known for its contributions to philosophy and science during ancient times is Ancient Greece. Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundations for Western philosophy, ethics, logic, and epistemology. Their inquiries into the nature of existence and knowledge have profoundly influenced not just philosophy but also various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, and astronomy. Additionally, the Greeks made significant advances in mathematics and medicine, establishing principles that remain integral to these fields today. Their legacy continues to inspire philosophical thought and scientific inquiry around the world.