The Code of Hammurabi is attributed to the ancient Babylonian king Hammurabi, who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BCE. This legal code, one of the earliest written sets of laws in history, established a foundation for justice and governance in Babylon. It consisted of 282 laws that covered various aspects of daily life, including trade, property rights, family relations, and criminal justice, emphasizing the principle of "an eye for an eye." The Code of Hammurabi significantly influenced subsequent legal systems in the region and is a crucial milestone in the development of law and governance.