The civilization considered the cradle of Western civilization is ancient Greece, particularly during its classical period (5th to 4th century BC). Greek culture laid the foundational principles of western philosophy, political theory, art, and science. Thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle explored questions of ethics, governance, and the human condition, influencing countless subsequent generations. The establishment of democracy in Athens, cultural achievements in drama, and advancements in mathematics and philosophy are hallmarks of Greek contributions. Additionally, the Greeks’ exploration of humanism and the arts continues to inspire modern thought and cultural developments, affirming their central role in Western civilization's evolution.