The ancient city of Petra was built by the Nabataeans, a trading civilization that thrived between the 4th century BCE and the 2nd century CE. Located in modern-day Jordan, Petra is renowned for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system, showcasing advanced engineering techniques. The city served as a critical hub for trade routes, connecting the East and West. Its impressive structures, such as the Al-Khazneh, highlight the economic and cultural significance of the Nabataeans in the ancient world.