The ancient culture known for its significant contributions to philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy is the ancient Greeks. Greek civilization, particularly during the Classical period, produced influential thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who laid the groundwork for Western philosophy. In mathematics, figures like Euclid and Pythagoras advanced geometry and numerical theories. Additionally, Greek astronomers, such as Aristarchus and Ptolemy, made substantial contributions to our understanding of celestial bodies and the universe. The cultural achievements of ancient Greece continue to impact various fields and form a foundational aspect of Western intellectual history.