The ancient civilization known for its polytheism and monumental pyramids is the ancient Egyptians. They worshipped a pantheon of gods and goddesses, each representing various aspects of life and nature, such as Ra, the sun god, and Osiris, the god of the afterlife. The pyramids, especially the Great Pyramid of Giza, served as monumental tombs for pharaohs, reflecting their beliefs in the afterlife and the divine status of the rulers. These grand structures were not only architectural achievements but also symbols of the civilization's wealth, power, and sophisticated understanding of engineering and astronomy.