The ancient civilization known for the cultural and political center of Athens is Ancient Greece. Athens emerged as a prominent city-state around the 5th century BCE and is celebrated for its contributions to art, philosophy, and democracy. It was the birthplace of influential figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and its democratic ideals laid the groundwork for modern political systems. Citizens of Athens participated in direct democracy, where they had a say in governance. The Acropolis and the Parthenon remain enduring symbols of Athenian power and cultural achievement, reflecting the city's historical significance as a center of intellectual and artistic development.