The ancient civilization known for the construction of the Great Pyramids is Ancient Egypt. The most famous pyramids, particularly the Great Pyramid of Giza, were built during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, around 2580–2560 BCE. These monumental structures served as tombs for the Pharaohs, showcasing the Egyptians' advanced engineering, architecture, and religious beliefs concerning the afterlife. The pyramids not only reflect the civilization's wealth and power but also its complex social and religious systems.