The ancient Greek civilization is known for its contributions to democracy. Emerging around the 5th century BC, especially in the city-state of Athens, Greek democracy marked a shift from monarchies to forms of government where citizens participated directly in decision-making. Key elements included institutions like the Assembly and the Council of Five Hundred, which allowed free male citizens to discuss and vote on laws. The principles of democracy established by the Greeks laid the groundwork for modern democratic systems and ideologies, emphasizing civic engagement, political equality, and the importance of citizen participation in governance.