The ancient civilization known for its advanced mathematics and astronomy is the Maya civilization. Emerging in Mesoamerica around 2000 BCE and flourishing between 250 and 900 CE, the Maya developed a sophisticated understanding of mathematics, including the concept of zero, and created an intricate calendar system. Their astronomical observations allowed them to predict celestial events with remarkable accuracy, further influencing their agricultural practices and religious ceremonies. The Maya’s mathematical and astronomical achievements are evident in their architecture, art, and the codices they produced. The civilization's contributions continue to captivate researchers and provide insights into ancient science and culture.