The ancient civilization that developed on the banks of the Nile River is Ancient Egypt. This civilization flourished around 3000 BC, benefiting from the fertile land along the Nile, which was crucial for agriculture and sustenance. The Nile's predictable flooding enabled farmers to cultivate crops like wheat and barley, supporting a growing population. Ancient Egypt is renowned for its remarkable achievements in writing, architecture, art, and governance, as seen in their monumental pyramids and hieroglyphic system. The civilization's complex religious beliefs, societal structure, and contributions to mathematics and astronomy have had a lasting impact on human history.