The ancient city that served as the capital of the Inca Empire was Cusco (or Qosqo). Located in modern-day Peru, Cusco was the political, military, and cultural center of the Inca civilization, which flourished from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The city's layout, architecture, and significant structures, such as temples and palaces, reflected the Incas' advanced engineering and organizational skills. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site today, Cusco remains a vital part of Andean heritage and history, showcasing the legacy of the Inca Empire and drawing visitors from around the world.