Ethiopia is the only African nation that was never colonized during the Scramble for Africa. Although it faced invasions and foreign occupations, notably by Italy during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in the 1930s, Ethiopia successfully resisted colonization and retained its sovereignty. This resilience is epitomized by the Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Ethiopian forces decisively defeated Italian troops, ensuring their independence. Ethiopia's unique status has made it a symbol of African pride and resistance against colonialism, contributing to its significant role in the Pan-African movement and its historical legacy.